No Sooner ... Than and Hardly ... When
1Công thức
No sooner + had + subject + past participle + than + past simple; Hardly + had + subject + past participle + when + past simple2Giải thích
No sooner ... than và Hardly ... when diễn tả hai sự việc xảy ra liên tiếp rất nhanh trong quá khứ, dùng đảo ngữ với had ở vế đầu: No sooner had + S + V3 + than ...; Hardly had + S + V3 + when ...
These structures describe one event that happened immediately after another, with emphasis created by inversion after the first adverbial.
Dấu hiệu: no soonerhardlythanwhen
3Khi nào dùng
- Two past events happening very close together
4Quy tắc cần nhớ
- No sooner is followed by than; hardly is followed by when
- The first verb is in the past perfect with inversion; the second is past simple
5Ví dụ
No sooner had we sat down than the lights went out.
Hardly had she finished speaking when the audience applauded.
6Lỗi thường gặp
- No sooner I had arrived than it started to rain. (No sooner had I arrived than ...)
- Hardly had we left than it began to snow. (Hardly had we left when ...)