although, though, despite, in spite of

1Khái niệm

although / though / even though + mệnh đề (S + V) nối hai ý trái ngược. despite / in spite of + danh từ hoặc V-ing mang cùng nghĩa (mặc dù). however đứng đầu câu thứ hai, sau dấu chấm hoặc chấm phẩy.

2Khi nào dùng

• although + mệnh đề.

  Although it was raining, we went out.

• despite / in spite of + N / V-ing.

  Despite the rain, we went out.

• however nối hai câu.

  It was raining. However, we went out.

3Công thức

4Ví dụ

• Although the test was hard, I passed.

  Mặc dù bài thi khó, tôi vẫn đỗ.

• Despite the traffic, we arrived on time.

  Dù tắc đường, chúng tôi vẫn đến đúng giờ.

• In spite of having little money, they were happy.

  Dù có ít tiền, họ vẫn hạnh phúc.

• I like him, though he can be annoying.

  Tôi quý anh ấy, dù đôi khi anh ấy hơi phiền.

• Even though she studied hard, she didn't pass.

  Dù học rất chăm, cô ấy vẫn trượt.

• The phone is expensive. However, it's very good.

  Điện thoại đắt. Tuy nhiên, nó rất tốt.

5Lỗi thường gặp

• ✗ Although it was late, but we kept talking.

  ✓ Although it was late, we kept talking.

  Không dùng although và but cùng lúc.

• ✗ Despite it was raining, we went out.

  ✓ Although it was raining, we went out. / Despite the rain, …

  despite + N / V-ing, không + mệnh đề.

• ✗ Despite of the heavy rain, the festival went ahead.

  ✓ Despite the heavy rain, … / In spite of the heavy rain, …

  despite không có of.

• ✗ Although the bad weather, we enjoyed it.

  ✓ Despite the bad weather, we enjoyed it.

  Danh từ: despite.

6Kiểm tra nhanh

3 câu để chắc là bạn đã hiểu, trước khi luyện tập đầy đủ.