Past Perfect Simple
1Công thức
had + past participle; negative: had not (hadn't) + past participle; question: Had + subject + past participle?2Giải thích
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả hành động hoặc trạng thái xảy ra trước một thời điểm hoặc hành động khác trong quá khứ. Công thức: had + V3. Khi thứ tự đã rõ (có before/after), thường có thể dùng quá khứ đơn.
Shows that one past action or state happened before another past moment or event.
Dấu hiệu: by the timebeforeafteralreadyjustnever before
3Khi nào dùng
- Actions or states before a point in the past
- Completed actions with a result at a past moment
- After It was the first/second time
4Quy tắc cần nhớ
- The same form is used for all persons
- When the order of events is already clear (for example with before or after), the past simple is often used instead
- Once the earlier time is established, the narrative often continues in the past simple
5Ví dụ
By the time we reached the station, the train had left.
She felt nervous because she hadn't flown before.
He realised he had left his wallet at home.
6Lỗi thường gặp
- When we arrived, the film already started. (should be had already started)
- She had went home. (should be had gone)
- I had finished and then I had gone home. (unnecessary repetition of the past perfect)