Passive Voice
1Công thức
be (in the correct tense) + past participle (+ by/with + noun)2Giải thích
Câu bị động nhấn mạnh người hoặc vật chịu tác động. Công thức: be (đúng thì) + V3 (+ by/with). Chỉ thêm by khi người thực hiện quan trọng; chỉ động từ ngoại động mới chuyển được sang bị động.
The passive moves the focus to the person or thing affected by an action. It is formed with the correct tense of be plus the past participle, and the agent is added with by only when it is important.
3Khi nào dùng
- When the doer is unknown
- When the doer is obvious or unimportant
- To focus on the person or thing affected
- To put new information at the end of the sentence
4Quy tắc cần nhớ
- Only transitive verbs can be made passive
- Use by for the agent and with for the instrument
- Passive forms exist in simple, continuous, perfect and future tenses, with modals, and as -ing/infinitive forms (being done, to be done)
- Perfect continuous and future continuous tenses are not normally put in the passive; rephrase instead
5Ví dụ
The museum is visited by thousands of tourists every year.
The road was being repaired when we passed.
The report will have been finished by Friday.
6Lỗi thường gặp
- The house built in 1995. (was built)
- It was happened last night. (happen is intransitive: It happened)
- The bridge has been being repaired for months. (rephrase: is under repair)